In the CDM model, DM is described by a perfect fluid that must be massive, sufficiently cold, which means non-relativistic at the time of structure formation, and collisionless to explain the observational data on large linear scales. Therefore, within \(\varLambda \)CDM, the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) paradigm emerged from the large-scale observations and describes the component responsible for the formation of the structures of our universe through gravitational clustering. Dark energy is parametrized by a cosmological constant, the simplest model for the present accelerated expansion of our universe. Ultra-light dark matter is a class of dark matter models (DM), where DM is composed by bosons with masses ranging from \(10^ \approx 0\), that does not interact, at least strongly, with baryonic matter.
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